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WSBASE

Since 2003^[6] many BASE jumpers have started using wingsuits, giving birth to WiSBASE, regarded by some as the future of BASE jumping and the best course of development of wingsuit flying.

One technique, risky and spectacular, is proximity flying, which is flying close to the faces and ridges of mountains.

Among the main places where the WiSBASE practice in Europe is reported Kjerag and Trollstigen in Norway, Lauterbrunnen in Switzerland, and Monte Brento in Italy, with the landing field near Dro (TN).

The longest verified WiSBASE jump is 5.8 km (3.6 mi) by Dean Potter^[7] on August, 2009. Potter jumped from Eiger and had spent 2 minutes and 50 seconds in flight, covering 7,900 ft (2.4 km) of altitude.

Jet powered wingsuits

While still very experimental, powered wingsuits, often using small jet engines strapped to the feet^[8] or a wingpack set-up, allow for even greater horizontal travel and even ascent.

On 25 October 2005 in Lahti in Finland, Visa Parviainen jumped from a hot air balloon in a wingsuit with two small turbojet jet engines attached to his feet. The turbojets provided approximately 16 kgf (160 N, 35 lbf) of thrust each and ran on kerosene (JET A-1) fuel. Parviainen apparently achieved approximately 30 seconds of horizontal flight with no noticeable loss of altitude.^[8]

Christian Stadler (Birdman Chief Instructor) from Germany organized the first international wingsuit competition with prize money SkyJester's Wings over Marl in 2005. His world wide first archievement the VegaV3 wingsuit system uses an electronic adjustable hydrogen peroxide rocket^[9] This rocket provided 100 kgf of thrust, it produces no flames or poisonous fumes. His first successful powered wingsuit jump was in 2007 with more than 160 mph horizontal speed.^[10]

Training

Flying a wingsuit adds considerable complexity to a skydive. The United States Parachute Association (USPA) requires in the Skydivers Information Manual that any jumper flying a wingsuit for the first time have a minimum of 200 freefall skydives, made within the past 18 months, and receive one-on-one instruction from an experienced wing suit jumper, or 500 jumps experience to go without an instructor.^[11] Requirements in other nations are similar. Wingsuit manufacturers offer training courses and certify instructors.

Records

The greatest verified horizontal distance flown in a wingsuit is 20.45 km (12.7 mi) by Alvaro Bulto, Santi Corella and Toni Lopez.^[12] The three Spaniards crossed the Strait of Gibraltar on June 23, 2005, after jumping from an aircraft at an altitude of 35,000 ft (10.67 km).

On July 24, 2008, Australian couple Heather Swan and Glenn Singleman jumped from 37,000 ft (11.27 km) over central Australia setting a world record for highest wingsuit jump.^[13][14]

At the time of writing, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale has not established judging criteria for official world record wingsuit formations. However, several national organizations have established record categories and have established criteria for judging whether or not a wingsuit formation is complete.

The largest wingsuit formation officially recognized as meeting the criteria for a national record consisted of 68 jumpers in an arrowhead formation which set a US National Record at Lake Elsinore, California, on 12 November 2009.^[15][16]

The largest unofficial record was a B-2 formation involving 71 jumpers at Lake Elsinore, California, in November 2008.

Wingpack

Another variation on which studies are being focused on is the so-called wingpack, which consists of a strap-on rigid wing in carbon fibre.^[2] It is a mix between a hang-glider and a wingsuit. The wingpack can reach a glide ratio of 6 and permits transportation of oxygen bottles and other material.^[3]

On July 31, 2003 an Austrian, Felix Baumgartner, jumping from 29,360 ft (9 km), successfully crossed the English Channel in 14 minutes, having covered over 35 km (21.8 mi).^[4]

In 2006, the German enterprise ESG introduced Gryphon, a wingpack specifically destined to the secret incursions of the special forces.^[5]

Using a powered wingpack, Yves Rossy became the first person to obtain the maneuverability of an aircraft while steering solely with body movement; his experimental wingpack, however, is not commercially viable because of the fuel the wing uses, and the materials required in construction are prohibitive in cost. Nonetheless, his eight-minute flight over the Swiss Alps made headlines around the world, and so far, his "jet-wingpack" remains the only one capable of sustained flight.